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MATTER
Anything that has mass and takes up space
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PURE SUBSTANCE
Fixed composition, uniform throughout
e.g. Gold, Water, Salt
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MIXTURE
Two or more substances, can be separated
e.g. Air, Saltwater, Salad
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ELEMENT
One type of atom only. Cannot be broken down chemically.
H, O, Fe, Au, Cu
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COMPOUND
Two or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.
H₂O, NaCl, CO₂
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HETERO-GENEOUS
Not uniform — composition varies from place to place.
Salad, Sand + water
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HOMO-GENEOUS
Uniform composition throughout (solution).
Saltwater, Air, Alloys

⚡ Key Distinctions

Element vs Compound
Elements are on the periodic table — one kind of atom. Compounds are chemically joined with a fixed formula. Both are pure substances.
Hetero vs Homogeneous
Heterogeneous mixtures have visible differences. Homogeneous mixtures look the same throughout — also called solutions.
Pure Substance vs Mixture
Pure substances have fixed composition and cannot be physically separated. Mixtures can be separated and have variable composition.
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